海藻糖合成酶活性受固定化处理过程影响的研究*

在麦芽糖苷基海藻糖合成酶(MTSase)和麦芽糖苷基海藻糖水解酶(MTHase)双酶的作用下,淀粉可转化为海藻糖,但是其转化率较低。中采用多种固定化载体进行酶固定化研究,发现通过经戊二醛与壳聚糖交联后的载体与酶液作用,可吸附与海藻糖合成无关的杂酶和杂质,从而提高海藻糖合成酶的活性。通过比较固定化过程中与反应条件中多个因素的影响,得到了如下最佳作用条件：将酶液与经3％戊二醛交联18h后的滤纸作用18h,再与10％的淀粉溶液反应9h,与未经固定化作用比较,海藻糖的产率提高10倍,达到27．22g／L转化率从5．33％提升到54．43％。     

嘉黎牦牛和荷斯坦牛4项红细胞酶活性的测定

测定了西藏嘉黎牦牛和南京荷斯坦牛血液红细胞中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)等 4项酶的活性 ,结果分别为LDH 2 5 5 2 3 1 6± 71 4 0 3和 2 1 2 74 96± 6638 1 6(nmol s) ,AKP 4 4 4 4± 1 2 81和 36 5 3± 1 1 31 (nmol s) ,CAT 1 0 2 73± 32 2 2和 63 0 8± 1 2 4 7(U gHb) ,SOD 1 3979 1 6± 2 873 84和 92 85 37± 2 880 60 (U gHb)。西藏嘉黎牦牛的CAT和SOD极显著高于荷斯坦牛 (P <0 0 1 ) ;而LDH和AKP显著高于荷斯坦牛 (P <0 0 5 )。     

阿魏侧耳多糖的分离纯化与抗肿瘤活性的研究*

从阿魏侧耳 (Pleurotusferulae)子实体中用热水浸提出粗多糖PFW ,将PFW脱蛋白后 ,经DEAE—纤维素柱层析 ,得两种多糖PF1 和PF2 。用光散射和GPC联机测定 :PF1 含有两种组分其重均分子量分别为 7 875× 1 0 5 和 3 2 4 5× 1 0 4 ;PF2 重均分子量为 3 1 87× 1 0 6。用IR和GC分析它们组成和结构 ,结果表明 :PF1 由鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成 ,含有 β 糖苷键和甘露糖苷 ;PF2 由鼠李糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成 ,含有α 糖苷键。给小鼠腹腔注射多糖 ,对移植性肿瘤S 1 80均有一定的抑制作用     

镉对蟾蜍的4种器官乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的影响

以腹腔注射法对蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)给镉,处理一周后,观察了4种镉中毒浓度(0．1、0．2、0．4、0．8mg／kg)条件下的蟾蜍心、肝、肾和睾丸中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的变化。结果表明：随着镉中毒浓度的升高,心脏LDH同工酶的活性明显升高,睾丸LDH同工酶的活性明显下降,肝中的LDH1、LDH2、LDH3、LDH5在0．4、0．8mg／kg浓度组酶活性明显增加,而LDH4则明显减弱,肾中LDH1的活性随镉浓度的升高而明显升高,其它各酶带活性出现先增强而后又逐渐减弱的现象。结果提示了镉对蟾蜍主要器官LDH同工酶的影响具有组织差异性。     

Effects of salicylic acid and cold on freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) and cold on freezing tolerance (freezing injury and ice nucleation activity) were investigated in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Dogu-88) grown under control (20/18 °C for 15, 30 and 45-day) and cold (15/10 °C for 15-day, 10/5 °C for 30-day and 5/3 °C for 45-day) conditions. Cold acclimatisation caused a decrease of injury to leaf segments removed from the plants and subjected to freezing conditions. Exogenous SA also decreased freezing injury in the leaves grown under cold (15/10 °C) and control (15 and 30-day) conditions. Cold conditions (10/5 and 5/3 °C) caused an increase in ice nucleation activity by apoplastic proteins, which were isolated from the leaves. For the first time, it was shown that exogenous SA caused an increase in ice nucleation activity under cold (15/10 and 10/5 °C) and control conditions. These results show that salicylic acid can increase freezing tolerance in winter wheat leaves by affecting apoplastic proteins.     

投加酞酸酯的构建湿地基质微生物活性的研究

在复合垂直流构建湿地系统的源水中连续投加酞酸酯达一年之久,并对该系统基质中的微生物数量、酶活性(脲酶、磷酸酶、脱氢酶)以及呼吸作用强度等各项指标进行了测定。结果表明下行流池微生物活性明显高于上行流池;实验系统中酞酸酯对微生物的生长没有表现出抑制作用,相反促进真菌类微生物的生长,其中真菌数量是对照系统的4．6—5．5倍;实验系统中酶活与呼吸作用强度也比对照系统高出1．0—5．9倍;分别投加长链和短链酞酸酯的实验系统之间微生物数量差别不显。从湿地生物膜的研究结果来看,生物膜量为1—6mg／g,生物膜的酶活性在基质酶活中所占比重很大,达到70％以上,生物膜的脱氢酶甚至比基质酶活高出10倍以上,说明生物膜是湿地基质微生物的主要活性部分。     

两种多糖对日本沼虾酚氧化酶活力的影响

在饲料中分别添加 1‰的云芝多糖和虫草多糖 ,对日本沼虾进行投喂 ,通过连续测定日本沼虾血清中的酚氧化酶活力 ,研究两种多糖对日本沼虾免疫机能的作用。结果表明 ,在平均水温为 2 3 8℃± 3 8℃时 ,云芝组、虫草组分别较对照组提高了 34 52 %、84 62 % ;在平均水温为 1 0 8± 2 4℃时 ,云芝组和虫草组分别较对照组提高了30 0 2 %、5 1 2 % ,因而云芝多糖和虫草多糖能明显地增强日本沼虾血清的酚氧化酶活力。另经实验表明 ,在王雷所确立的酚氧化酶活力的检测条件下 ,其PO活力为 8 3units/mL ,而在Horowitz所确立的检测条件下 ,其PO活力为2 90units/mL ,并且后者检测方法重复性好 ,能较好地反映日本沼虾的免疫状态。     

Antimicrobial activity of sodium citrate against Streptococcus pneumoniae and several oral bacteria

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial activity of sodium citrate against Streptococcus pneumoniae and several oral bacteria. Methods and Results: The antibacterial activity was determined by broth microdilution method. The results showed that although Enterocuccus faecium OB7084 and Klebsiella pneumoniae OB7088 had high tolerance to sodium citrate, several oral bacteria including Fusobacterium nucleatum JCM8532^T, Streptococcus mutans JCM5705^T and Strep. pneumoniae NBRC102642^T were susceptible. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of sodium citrate against Strep. pneumoniae NBRC102642^T was not influenced by pH in the range of 5·0–8·0, whereas that of sodium lactate was weakened at neutral or weak alkaline pH. When Strep. pneumoniae NBRC102642^T was treated with sodium citrate for 2 h, many burst cells were observed. However, addition of MgCl₂ or CaCl₂ to an assay medium weakened the antimicrobial activity although ZnCl₂ or MnCl₂ did not influence. Conclusions: Independent of pH, sodium citrate inhibited the growth of oral bacteria, which suggests that the mechanism is different from that of sodium lactate. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results presented in this study would be available for understanding the antimicrobial property of sodium citrate.     

The ultrastructure of malpighian tubules and the chemical composition of the cocoon of Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall (Thysanoptera)

The secretory activity of the two branched malpighian tubules (MTs) of the second‐instar larva in Aeolothrips intermedius is described. MTs of adult thrips have the typical ultrastructure of excretory epithelium with apical microvilli containing long mitochondria and a rich system of basal membrane infoldings. In the second‐instar larva just before pupation, the ultrastructure of MT epithelial cells is dramatically different, and there are numerous huge Golgi systems in the cytoplasm. These cells are involved in an intense secretory activity to produce an electron‐dense product which is released into the MTs lumen. This secretion is extruded from the hindgut and used by the second‐instar larva to build an elaborate protective cocoon for pupation. Electron‐spray‐ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the cocoon revealed the presence of a β‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine, the main component of chitin, which is also present in the cocoons of Neuroptera and some Coleoptera. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of some bioactive xanthone derivatives using Vibrio harveyi test

Aims: Drug safety evaluation plays an important role in the early phase of drug development, especially in the preclinical identification of compounds’ biological activity. The Vibrio harveyi assay was used to assess mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of some aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone (1–5), which were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant and hemodynamic activities. Methods and Results: A novel V. harveyi assay was used to assess mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of derivatives of xanthone 1–5. Two V. harveyi strains were used: BB7 (natural isolate) and BB7M (BB7 derivative containing mucA and mucB genes on a plasmid pAB91273, products of these genes enhance error‐prone DNA repair). According to the results obtained, the most beneficial mutagenic and antimutagenic profiles were observed for compounds 2 and 3. A modification of the chemical structure of compound 2 by the replacement of the hydroxy group by a chloride improved considerably the antimutagenic activity of the compound. Thus, antimutagenic potency reached a maximum with the presence of tertiary amine and chloride atom in the side chain. Conclusions: Among the newly synthesized aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone with potential anticonvulsant properties, there are some compounds exhibiting in vitro antimutagenic activity. In addition, it appears that the V. harveyi assay can be applied for primary mutagenicity and antimutagenicity assessment of compounds. Significance and Impact of the Study: The obtained preliminary mutagenicity and antimutagenicity results encourage further search in the group of amino derivatives of xanthone as the potential antiepileptic drugs also presenting some antimutagenic potential. Furthermore, V. harveyi test may be a useful tool for compounds safety evaluation.